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Why Do Some Type 2 Diabetics Develop Cardiovascular Disease and Some Not?
by Beverleigh Piepers
Have you ever wondered why some type 2 diabetics develop serious complications like cardiovascular disease but other type 2 diabetics, even in the same family, have no complications at all? The answers to this and similar questions can be found in the study of epigenetics.
Nuclear factor kappa-B is a transcription factor. It regulates the rate at which genes in the DNA get copied to the RNA that is used to make the proteins they code. If DNA is not 'transcribed' onto the RNA, then it is as if the genes did not even exist. Nuclear factor kappa-B is involved in the genes that cause arterial inflammation and many Type 2 diabetic complications.
When Type 2 diabetics keep their blood sugar levels in check, nuclear factor kappa-B is not active. When Type 2 diabetics let their blood sugar levels run high, nuclear factor kappa-B works overtime. The result is the production of many inflammatory hormones and a great deal of arterial destruction.
It doesn't take years and years of high blood sugars to activate this transcription factor. It just takes occasionally high blood sugar levels to flip the switch on the gene controlling the production of inflammatory hormones. Once the gene is activated, however, even years of good sugar control will not turn it back off. It is as if the gene 'remembers' and keeps on churning out the factors that keep blood vessels inflamed.
Once this gene is activated, you are not necessarily doomed to heart disease. You just now have two conditions to deal with, Type 2 diabetes and inflammation. You can control both. It's just so much easier if you never let your blood sugar levels run high so you do not have to manage two conditions instead of one.
You may ask yourself would it be better to have your blood sugars steady at say 110 mg/dL (6.1 mmol/L) all the time, with a good HbA1c result, rather than with the same HbA1c level but with blood sugars that are up and down? Many researchers think so but on the other hand others believe there is no difference when it comes to the long-term effect of Type 2 diabetes. Where arterial inflammation is concerned, this is not the case... high blood sugars really do make a difference.
Having diabetes means your blood sugars will bounce up and down at times, sometimes for reasons that aren't clear to you. But to keep the nuclear factor kappa-B from working overtime and to help prevent a great deal of arterial destruction, it's best to keep your blood sugar levels in check.
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About the Author
Beverleigh Piepers RN... the Diabetes Detective.
drugfreetype2diabetes.com/blog
Beverleigh Piepers is the author of this article. This article can be used for reprint on your website provided all the links in the article are complete and active. Copyright (c) 2010 - All Rights Reserved Worldwide
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