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How Do Submarines Rise and Submerge?
by Adrian Alexa
OK, so we know that a ship floats, but a rock sinks. But what about submarines? They float on top of water, then dive submerge beneath it, whenever necessary. How do submarines rise and submerge?
The buoyant force (upward acting force) occurs because the pressure in a fluid increases with its depth. When an object is placed in water, the water pushes on it. As depth increases, the push is stronger so the overall force is upward, opposite the force of gravity. Because of the upward force, an object held under water feels lighter than in air.
It 's precisely this principle that submarines use when they rise and submerge. A submarine has a two hulls, and the space between them forms tanks that can be filled with water or air. The process is pretty obvious from now on: when these ballast tanks are filled with air, the buoyant force is greater than the force of gravity, so the submarine floats on the surface. When the air in the tanks is replaced with water, the weight of the ship automatically increases, although its volume remains the same. When the downward pull of gravity exceeds the buoyant force, the submarine dives toward the bottom of the ocean.
By adjusting the amounts of air and water, the two forces can be equalled, allowing the submarine to float freely, neither sinking nor rising in the water. When it has to return to the surface, compressed air is blown into the tanks, forcing the water out and thus reducing the weight of the submarine until its density is less than that of water.
It 's essential that the submarines are designed to withstand great pressure, due to the weight of the water above them. At 10 feet the pressure is 1.3 times as great as the pressure of the atmosphere, at 100 feet the pressure is already 4 times atmospheric pressure, while at 300 feet the pressure increases to almost 10 atmospheres.
About the Author
Adrian is the editor of this article. He also started a new project about metal roofing materials. This is a website where you can also find out more about metal roofing prices.
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